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Kindling a new awareness of the outdoors wasn’t something the author predicted, but it brought a host of realizations — including the discovery of …

The Sounds of Silence: A Reading List About Listening to Nature

The author who is a constructivist is defending his point of view concerning the construction of scientific knowledge

Within the philosophy of sciences, there is a debate concerning if the fact that science is constructive empiricism (anti-realism) or not, between the pro-constructive (anti-realism) and the scientific realism.

i) The scientific realism gives us theories that are true in all over the world, it s a true story about the world.

ii) In contrast, the constructive empiricist states that the science theories involve only the observable aspects of the world (and not the inobservable), so the scientific realism is based inly on belief that is true all over the world, on belief that is empirically adequate: according to the author, the facts that scientific knowledge is constructed, doesn’t mean that we understand the non observable facts about life and nature.

According to the author, “empirical adequacy” is the start point of constructivism and not the end point (like for the scientist realism) and it is not an argument to say that the scientific realism is right, it is not the proof of realism.

Latour (1993) prioritized stability in a 2D geometry: Variable=stability; other axis between the 2 poles of nature and society. (Quasi-objects)

In contrast, Haraway (1988) prioritized instability. The objects of knowledge are behind the production of new knowledge (cyborg 1985)

As an artist, lately, I am founding more and more the purpose of my path, understanding my past and the path which I followed through my Academic years. I am understanding my tastes as well. My tastes as an artist. Figuring out and meditating on my artistic thoughts, trying to find a relationship between these thoughts and art in general. Most importantly, I am understanding myself. How I envision myself as an Artist.
Looking back at my Academic par court so far, I can see myself as a potential artist. Year after year, I have studied the benefits of every occasion and what every experience has bought me. My architecture years gave me a very strong artistic foundation with a very mathematical/Architectural thinking which demands a imaginative mind as well as a designing one. During that time, I was a very social person, and a very active one as well. During my first years of architecture, I was still organizing parties, and this was a very special passion or hobby of mine. Because even though it is contrary to what I just said, Organizing parties would give me the chance to isolate myself instead of going into the crowd meet people and socialize. I realized that I just want to pass some time alone and that I am that kind of person. I was working a lot, spending a lot of energy and thinking into a flow that I don’t want to be in. So, I isolated myself more and more, as I didn’t want to go with the flow anymore, specially after noticed that is very difficult for me to adapt in every situation, this gave me the possibility to put more on thinking, personal thinking, abstract thinking, artistic thinking, finding more and more myself. I think that the fact that I got out of society very quickly and taking my own decisions cutting a lot of contacts and connection was a very good decision, which taught me a lot, I started to read more books, specially philosophical, artistic, design, political books. I also wrote during that time a science-fiction/religion book, which I have been adding to it short essays and ideas from time to time. I also spent a lot of time by myself doing nothing at all beside thinking, watching documentaries, and this gave me later a push on to finding my artistic mind and my artistic self.
With time and after this period, I have figure out a big and important part of my artistic path. I wanted to work more with the essentials of Art, I wanted more of the artistic part of things rather than the theoretical ones that you may find in Architecture. I was searching for more deeper thoughts as well! More sophisticated things that demands a bit of a going out of the normal standards! Applying more of my own thinking rather than exchanging usual information or working on same concept for example plans and architectural details.
That is why at the time, applying and getting accepted at SFAI was one of the best experiences of my life.
The time giving for further artistic thoughts and very developed ones as well fascinated me as an art education at SFAI and I think that my personality and my career is in need of this.
My design times at NABA are giving me a very define artistic sense which I will definitely use in the future in the art and technology major mixing it with my own sense of art, thoughts and imagination that are getting developed more and more, and advancing months after months. I am learning a bit of the sense of modern entrepreneurship during my stay in Italy, Beirut and San Francisco.
I am into Art and Technology because I like to work a lot with my hands, in addition I am finding my personal way as an artist and I think that my thinking can be the best applied in the art and technology major. I am very curious about life at the moment and the politic of aesthetics in general which mean from where and based on what the aesthetics of things around us.

While reading Persepolis and analyzing the multiple situations and events that the girl went through, I thought a lot about my country and my origins. I can see that when there is trouble and insecurity each person and each community shall take its security from its own identity and develop a certain sense of own defense to protect its principals, way of life and standards. It made me see how every social, religious and political theory wants to create a national identity. I believe that these theories are manipulating the people especially the poor. In order to support my point of view I would like to analyze the two panels on page 101. My analysis of the two pictures in the book as well as the experience I got while growing up in Lebanon made me realize that the unstable situation in the country is due to the lack of freedom, the poverty and the manipulation of the youth by the totalitarian systems.

The two panels display a policeman hypnotizing innocents and poor children’s by indirectly force them to die and removing all their hope of a beautiful life. “First they convince them that the afterlife is even better than Disneyland” then they put them in the mood of the ideology of the system by putting out loud songs which will create a sense of collective behavior giving people to go to the extreme of themselves, (mental doping) “then they put them in a trance with all their songs”. What is interesting in the two panels is the difference in the face expression of the kids. In the first panel you can see that the kids are being worried and still thinking about what the guy is telling them, which is normal in the beginning just to think and accept the situation, their hands are on their heart and the eyes are drawn in a way so you can see how worried they are, you can also see how the policeman is manipulating them speaking to them with his hand up in the air. However, you can see the change of mood instantly in the second panel where the children’s become very aggressive and ready to kill, they are no more regrouped and not worried anymore, they face look like the fear is gone: aggressive look in their eyes, hands in the air, open mouth, probably shouting or something. This shows the degree of the manipulation of the supposed to be innocent children’s. Manipulation is the reason why the problems are happening there should be a freedom of belief and way of thinking.
Indoctrination is the main subject highlighted in both pictures as you can deduce from the previous paragraph. In fact, you ask yourself how they can convince the children’s so quickly and easily and they don’t let them question or criticize the beliefs or choose to believe whatever they want to believe. The policeman talk them about the afterlife by saying: “First they convince them that the afterlife is even better than Disneyland”, this will affect the young kids who will start thinking of that Disneyland as a different place from the place they live in right now instead of working on making their world a better one, so they loose hope on their actual life. Plus, another important point is that you can associate these behaviors with the syndrome of Pavlov which explain the quotation on the second panel: “ it’s nuts! They hypnotize them and just toss them into battle. Absolute carnage.” This method which cause a reflex response is because of the fear that the people have inside of them. Their attitude vis-à-vis their master becomes instinctive and with no brain behind. The moment their master will instruct them to act into a definite objective they will execute instinctively and immediately. The combination between their religion belief on the so called paradise and their “Pavlov syndrome” reaction will lead them to the suicide and their spectacular tragic act they conduct against the others.

For the people to avoid these regimes, the economical conditions have to be better it is the major problems, the people have to educate themselves and work and improve their life conditions. There should be someone who can influence them to go in other directions. At the end of the day, in each revolution and conflict of societies there will be a new area which will definitely lead to a better way of life: A new world will be awaken from this conflict, a more representative world of communities at stake. People should believe that their living can be more pleasant and more positive if they do work in ameliorating their economical conditions by way of integrating peacefully the society, its regulations, its principals and values. Once they realize that by integrating the society in which they live a sense of their life will be perceived that they are playing a vital role to built up a better environment for themselves, their parents, friends and relatives which can be definitely a solution to prevent them from seeking another sense of their life on different and antagonistic directions.


As a conclusion, I can say that the people in power are using their domination or their dominant position, betting on the fear that they will create on those inoffensive people to change their real identity into a more compliant subject to the dominant identity that the policeman represents. Thus, the police action is in a fact, annihilating any different identity that might be developed parallel to others identities as a form of co-existence. This is what define usually the totalitarian regime leading to one way of thinking under one society. Totalitarian regimes and one way of thinking, it has been proven throughout history that once they are established shall not last forever for reasons that it contains in his own inception the germs of its own distraction whether by way of revolution or internally by its own corruption since in both cases the natural evolution of humanity tends to freedom and prosperity.

As a citizen of the world who had been living in the Middle-East more specifically in Lebanon in a region where the opinion on alcohol is vague in comparison to other Arab countries like Saudi Arabia or Qatar where they are very strict in letting people buy or drink alcohol publically, I always asked myself what is the real meaning of alcohol and what is the best solution to deal with it. For doing so, I studied first what some religions like Christianity and Islam says about alcohol and what is their perspective that they try to impose on their people to get to best out of the alcohol, in other word how to be stronger that this liquid that obviously affect the mind and the body and so changes our behaviors. After analyzing what Christianity and Islam says about alcohol in addition to what is the spiritual effect of alcohol, I will came up with my opinion on this subject and how I feel people should deal with it having been inspired by my personal experience of alcohol and how I deal with it. Strictly speaking, in different cultures and people, alcohol affects differently, I will discuss the good and bad aspects of alcohol’s powerful possession over society and how to reverse it.
I will start by talking to you about how Islam approach the subject. Following my experience in Beirut, where there is no strict rules about alcohol or buying alcohol or something like that, people are free to decide whether they want to drink or not. I felt like the whole Muslim communities who are surrounded by Christians, (it is important to specify this) were not convinced about whether or not they should follow their holy book that says that alcohol should be completely prohibited and no one should drink it. However, these people follow the rules from time to time, the idea had to be in the back of their mind most of the time because of the rules that are written in the book and because of course of the influence that other Muslim leaders have on them and on keeping this extreme view of alcohol. What made me think about this, is when I compared Lebanese Muslims with Muslims outside the country. When I traveled to country like Saudi Arabia or Dubai for example, the rules that are put on the people are completely different. It is prohibited to buy alcohol without a permission and it is surely prohibited to drink alcohol in public spaces and of course there is no bars, opening a bar is completely prohibited in Saudi Arabia, however it is permitted in Dubai, so we can see here three different region that deal in degradation with the alcohol subject. One that take the extreme of things, another one where this subject doesn’t matter at all for them, and a third one who is in the middle, not sure what to do not sure how to deal with it. This is due to the Islam’s holistic approach to health and well-being means that everything that is harmful or mostly harmful, is forbidden. In other words, Islam takes an uncompromising stand towards alcohol and forbids its consumption in either small or large quantities. It says that is affects the mind and the body and that they are abominations from Satan and orders us to avoid them. So they conclude that there is a relation between alcohol and Satan saying that Satan uses to distract humankind from the work ship of God. However, here I can say that if the people that believe in Islam where strong enough mentally and wouldn’t be affected by either good or bad in a so intense way, alcohol shouldn’t be a problem to them, but since they are so sensitive to the energies that surround us, alcohol was completely prohibited from their lives. From this analysis, I can conclude that Muslims in general are very sensible to the energies that are surrounding us, I am concluding this after studying the spiritual effect of alcohol on the body. Which says that alcohol affects the spiritual energy if we look at it from an Indian though, they use the term Chakras to describe each of the centers of spiritual power in the human body, usually considered to be seven in number. So the theory is that these chakras regulate the flow of subtle energy for our various functions. While drinking alcohol, three from on energies are predominant Sattva: the spiritual purity and knowledge, Raja: action and passion, Tama: ignorance and inertia, and with these energies we send particles of distressing energy emanating into the environment, activating a ring of illusion. So the Indian theory says that alcohol gives energy to the body, Mind and Intellect and explain to us what this energy might be. Islam knows these energies and find them as energies giving by Satan by saying that these energies are a Demonic possession. Which explains why it is prohibited and which leads to the conclusion that people who believe in Islam tends to be more sensitive to these energies whether these energies are bad or good.
However, while studying what Christianity says on alcohol, I have to mention first of all the theory of transforming the wine into water, which is another way of saying that however your mind perceive the liquid, it will affect your body, your thoughts towards this substance whether or not you feel stronger that this substance or not, your instinct thought about it your first image that your mind construct about alcohol determines the consequences of alcohol on your body and your mind, with for not staying in the norms of reality.

Premièrement, médicalement parlant, si la loi dit chacun pour sois, je me dis que la santé medical passe pour une priorité politique et implique à ce que ma contribution politique devient alors ma santé médicale. Ceci explique que mon organisation ethnique et urbaine est politique aussi même que médicale. Dès lors, je vis pour moi-même en protégeant ma santé physique par rapport à l’innovation de l’esprit de ces thèses et leurs déroulements au quotidien. J’applique ainsi une architecture médicale, que je nomme le squelette architectural.

Secondairement, on apprend, comme dans plusieurs expéditions, et plusieurs train de vie éducatif, c’est à dire, le savoir éducatif que tout les expéditionnaires suivent d’une part dans la rue ou d’autre part dans une école, que la progression vient des expéditionnaires, des politiciens, des policiers et de l’armée qui ensemble forme une progression idéologique qui ouvre des expéditions ou des domaines comme la construction qui contribue à la formation d’un gouvernement libanais basé sur des religions et des partis politiques. Mais d’où viennent ces idéologies politique et pour sont elles religieuses et non pas expéditionnaires?

Le squelette architectural débute par une structure complexe tenant la marge de la mer Méditerranée. Cette marge existe ainsi dans le temps mais non pas dans le corps. Les organes sont ainsi les domaines de repère du squelette. Le squelette existe alors par des architecture appuyée comme osseuses et qui sont les structures complexes qui divisent la region intérieure à la marge tenant d’une façon générale ou structural comme un squelette, les regions qui pourtour les organes c’est a dire les muscles.

Ainsi soit il. Aucun problème et rien a dire sur le parti humanitaire qui ne rencontre ainsi aucune échéance et aucun obstacle au moment de sa fondation et sa formation. De même sa montée en cours est unique vu que l’altercation est tue. En mode libanais des enfants temps. Où est l’éducation humanitaire que ces soucieux proclamaient. Leur éducation, présentée humanitairement sur les outils inversés comme les chaînes télé, explique que l’ordre ne nécessite point une dramaturge politique comblant ainsi l’état ‘nouveau’, puisqu’il ait bien entendu que nul commando libanais peut devenir nouveau. Il est inoxydable d’empêcher l’humanitaire.

SKULL NATION

The envoys have decided that once it’s time for them to send a signal from the SKULL NATION to Nexus that was signaled when the fusion is illuminated on the land, they will now regroup and become Lebanese by nature it means that they will fuse two sectors of the land: the nature and the signals. So the Nexonians are now fully aware that becoming Lebanese is following a rule that was set to be followed by the Lebanese of their nation but not followed accurately. They were following this rule by strategy and intuitively. However their political intuition was blaming them not to follow. This is one of the rules why Akivia relies in big quantity in the mind that is now discovered by the envoys that the head of a Lebanese and their mind are completely separated, those two elements are not connected specifically in the lebanese so now I can say that the Skull Nation is alive and knows that it includes the mind of a nation not the brain. Only the envoys still represents brain in the Skull Nation.

In the situation that we live in, at the moment on nexus, earth is not the right name related to a planet. It’s indeed related to a definition of life. You will need to reward everyone, every Nexounian for their huge contribution towards life expectancy. The attributes and the identity of earth is being attacked by Nexounians. Opportunity is at an all time high. Everything that interfere with a chance of creativity for life expectancy, is being debated (on platform like social medias and websites, through internet and television). Nexounians are finally able to relate nexus with Lebanon. Because communication is defined on a Nexus/Earth scale with means that nexus and earth are on the same objectif. You can see that by looking at the moon and the stars and feel that you see them with your eyes however you feel them with your heart through the day when their is no sign of them. Nexus is studying this exact phenomenon and wants to have a place in your heart and another through your eyes so you perceive Nexounians and their day. SKULL NATION is building traditions, SKULL NATION is redefining its society. The movement shall rise from its roots that were once abolished.